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Compare El Salvador (2005) - Uruguay (2001)

Compare El Salvador (2005) z Uruguay (2001)

 El Salvador (2005)Uruguay (2001)
 El SalvadorUruguay
Administrative divisions 14 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Ahuachapan, Cabanas, Chalatenango, Cuscatlan, La Libertad, La Paz, La Union, Morazan, San Miguel, San Salvador, Santa Ana, San Vicente, Sonsonate, Usulutan 19 departments (departamentos, singular - departamento); Artigas, Canelones, Cerro Largo, Colonia, Durazno, Flores, Florida, Lavalleja, Maldonado, Montevideo, Paysandu, Rio Negro, Rivera, Rocha, Salto, San Jose, Soriano, Tacuarembo, Treinta y Tres
Age structure 0-14 years: 36.5% (male 1,250,901/female 1,198,589)


15-64 years: 58.3% (male 1,860,084/female 2,051,140)


65 years and over: 5.1% (male 153,133/female 191,085) (2005 est.)
0-14 years:
24.39% (male 419,932; female 399,605)

15-64 years:
62.61% (male 1,038,785; female 1,064,891)

65 years and over:
13% (male 180,130; female 256,762) (2001 est.)
Agriculture - products coffee, sugar, corn, rice, beans, oilseed, cotton, sorghum; shrimp; beef, dairy products wheat, rice, barley, corn, sorghum; livestock; fish
Airports 73 (2004 est.) 64 (2000 est.)
Airports - with paved runways total: 4


over 3,047 m: 1


1,524 to 2,437 m: 1


914 to 1,523 m: 2 (2004 est.)
total:
15

2,438 to 3,047 m:
1

1,524 to 2,437 m:
5

914 to 1,523 m:
8

under 914 m:
1 (2000 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways total: 69


914 to 1,523 m: 15


under 914 m: 54 (2004 est.)
total:
49

1,524 to 2,437 m:
2

914 to 1,523 m:
16

under 914 m:
31 (2000 est.)
Area total: 21,040 sq km


land: 20,720 sq km


water: 320 sq km
total:
176,220 sq km

land:
173,620 sq km

water:
2,600 sq km
Area - comparative slightly smaller than Massachusetts slightly smaller than the state of Washington
Background El Salvador achieved independence from Spain in 1821 and from the Central American Federation in 1839. A 12-year civil war, which cost about 75,000 lives, was brought to a close in 1992 when the government and leftist rebels signed a treaty that provided for military and political reforms. A violent Marxist urban guerrilla movement, the Tupamaros, launched in the late 1960s, led Uruguay's president to agree to military control of his administration in 1973. By the end of the year the rebels had been crushed, but the military continued to expand its hold throughout the government. Civilian rule was not restored until 1985. Uruguay's political and labor conditions are among the freest on the continent.
Birth rate 27.04 births/1,000 population (2005 est.) 17.36 births/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Budget revenues: $2.491 billion


expenditures: $2.782 billion, including capital expenditures of NA (2004 est.)
revenues:
$4 billion

expenditures:
$4.6 billion, including capital expenditures of $500 million (2000 est.)
Capital San Salvador Montevideo
Climate tropical; rainy season (May to October); dry season (November to April); tropical on coast; temperate in uplands warm temperate; freezing temperatures almost unknown
Coastline 307 km 660 km
Constitution 23 December 1983 27 November 1966, effective February 1967, suspended 27 June 1973, new constitution rejected by referendum 30 November 1980; two constitutional reforms approved by plebiscite 26 November 1989 and 7 January 1997
Country name conventional long form: Republic of El Salvador


conventional short form: El Salvador


local long form: Republica de El Salvador


local short form: El Salvador
conventional long form:
Oriental Republic of Uruguay

conventional short form:
Uruguay

local long form:
Republica Oriental del Uruguay

local short form:
Uruguay

former:
Banda Oriental, Cisplatine Province
Currency - Uruguayan peso (UYU)
Death rate 5.85 deaths/1,000 population (2005 est.) 9.03 deaths/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Debt - external $4.792 billion (September 2004 est.) $8 billion (2000 est.)
Diplomatic representation from the US chief of mission: Ambassador H. Douglas BARCLAY


embassy: Final Boulevard Santa Elena Sur, Antiguo Cuscatlan, La Libertad, San Salvador


mailing address: Unit 3116, APO AA 34023


telephone: [503] 278-4444


FAX: [503] 278-5522
chief of mission:
Ambassador Christopher C. ASHBY

embassy:
Lauro Muller 1776, Montevideo 11100

mailing address:
APO AA 34035

telephone:
[598] (2) 408-777, 203-6061

FAX:
[598] (2) 48 86 11
Diplomatic representation in the US chief of mission: Ambassador Rene Antonio LEON Rodriguez


chancery: 2308 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008


telephone: [1] (202) 265-9671


FAX: [1] (202) 234-3834


consulate(s) general: Chicago, Dallas, Houston, Las Vegas, Los Angeles, Miami, New York (2), San Francisco, and Washington, DC


consulate(s): Boston
chief of mission:
Ambassador Hugo FERNANDEZ Faingold

chancery:
2715 M Street, NW, Washington, DC 20007

telephone:
[1] (202) 331-1313 through 1316

FAX:
[1] (202) 331-8142

consulate(s) general:
Chicago, Los Angeles, Miami, and New York
Disputes - international in 1992, the ICJ ruled on the delimitation of "bolsones" (disputed areas) along the El Salvador-Honduras boundary, but despite OAS intervention and a further ICJ ruling in 2003, full demarcation of the border remains stalled; the 1992 ICJ ruling advised a tripartite resolution to a maritime boundary in the Gulf of Fonseca advocating Honduran access to the Pacific; El Salvador continues to claim tiny Conejo Island, not identified in the ICJ decision, off Honduras in the Gulf of Fonseca none
Economic aid - recipient $125 million of which, $53 million from US (2003) $NA
Economy - overview GDP per capita is roughly half that of Brazil, Argentina, and Chile, and the distribution of income is highly unequal. The government is striving to open new export markets, encourage foreign investment, modernize the tax and healthcare systems, and stimulate the sluggish economy. Implementation of the Central America-Dominican Republic Free Trade Agreement, ratified by El Salvador in 2004, is viewed as a key policy to help achieve these objectives. The trade deficit has been offset by annual remittances from Salvadorans living abroad - 16% of GDP in 2004 - and external aid. With the adoption of the US dollar as its currency, El Salvador has lost control over monetary policy and must concentrate on maintaining a disciplined fiscal policy. Uruguay's economy is characterized by an export-oriented agricultural sector, a well-educated workforce, relatively even income distribution, and high levels of social spending. After averaging growth of 5% annually in 1996-98, in 1999-2000 the economy suffered from lower demand in Argentina and Brazil, which together account for about half of Uruguay's exports. Despite the severity of the trade shocks, Uruguay's financial indicators remained more stable than those of its neighbors, a reflection of its solid reputation among investors and its investment-grade sovereign bond rating - one of only two in Latin America. Challenges for the government of President Jorge BATLLE include expanding Uruguay's trade ties beyond its MERCOSUR trade partners and reducing the costs of public services. GDP fell by 1.1% in 2000 and will grow by perhaps 1.5% in 2001.
Electricity - consumption 4.45 billion kWh (2004) 5.89 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - exports 91 million kWh (2004) 215 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - imports 473 million kWh (2004) 800 million kWh (1999)
Electricity - production 4.158 billion kWh (2004) 5.704 billion kWh (1999)
Electricity - production by source - fossil fuel:
3.86%

hydro:
95.44%

nuclear:
0%

other:
0.7% (1999)
Elevation extremes lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m


highest point: Cerro El Pital 2,730 m
lowest point:
Atlantic Ocean 0 m

highest point:
Cerro Catedral 514 m
Environment - current issues deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; contamination of soils from disposal of toxic wastes water pollution from meat packing/tannery industry; inadequate solid/hazardous waste disposal
Environment - international agreements party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands


signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
party to:
Antarctic-Environmental Protocol, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 94, Wetlands

signed, but not ratified:
Marine Dumping, Nuclear Test Ban
Ethnic groups mestizo 90%, white 9%, Amerindian 1% white 88%, mestizo 8%, black 4%, Amerindian, practically nonexistent
Exchange rates the US dollar became El Salvador's currency in 2001 Uruguayan pesos per US dollar - 12.5610 (January 2001), 12.0996 (2000), 11.3393 (1999), 10.4719 (1998), 9.4418 (1997), 7.9718 (1996)
Executive branch chief of state: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


head of government: President Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (since 1 June 2004); Vice President Ana Vilma DE ESCOBAR (since 1 June 2004); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government


cabinet: Council of Ministers selected by the president


elections: president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 21 March 2004 (next to be held March 2009)


election results: Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez elected president; percent of vote - Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez (ARENA) 57.7%, Schafik HANDAL (FMLN) 35.6%, Hector SILVA (CDU-PDC) 3.9%, other 2.8%
chief of state:
President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

head of government:
President Jorge BATLLE (since 1 March 2000) and Vice President Luis HIERRO (since 1 March 2000); note - the president is both the chief of state and head of government

cabinet:
Council of Ministers appointed by the president with parliamentary approval

elections:
president and vice president elected on the same ticket by popular vote for five-year terms; election last held 31 October 1999 with run-off election on 28 November 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Jorge BATLLE elected president; percent of vote - Jorge BATLLE 52% in a runoff against Tabare VAZQUEZ 44%
Exports NA $2.6 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Exports - commodities offshore assembly exports, coffee, sugar, shrimp, textiles, chemicals, electricity meat, rice, leather products, vehicles, dairy products, wool, electricity
Exports - partners US 65.6%, Guatemala 11.8%, Honduras 6.3% (2004) MERCOSUR partners 45%, EU 20%, US 7% (1999 est.)
Fiscal year calendar year calendar year
Flag description three equal horizontal bands of blue (top), white, and blue with the national coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms features a round emblem encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE EL SALVADOR EN LA AMERICA CENTRAL; similar to the flag of Nicaragua, which has a different coat of arms centered in the white band - it features a triangle encircled by the words REPUBLICA DE NICARAGUA on top and AMERICA CENTRAL on the bottom; also similar to the flag of Honduras, which has five blue stars arranged in an X pattern centered in the white band nine equal horizontal stripes of white (top and bottom) alternating with blue; there is a white square in the upper hoist-side corner with a yellow sun bearing a human face known as the Sun of May and 16 rays alternately triangular and wavy
GDP - purchasing power parity - $31 billion (2000 est.)
GDP - composition by sector agriculture: 9.2%


industry: 31.1%


services: 59.7% (2004 est.)
agriculture:
10%

industry:
28%

services:
62% (1999)
GDP - per capita purchasing power parity - $4,900 (2004 est.) purchasing power parity - $9,300 (2000 est.)
GDP - real growth rate 1.8% (2004 est.) -1.1% (2000 est.)
Geographic coordinates 13 50 N, 88 55 W 33 00 S, 56 00 W
Geography - note smallest Central American country and only one without a coastline on Caribbean Sea -
Heliports 1 (2004 est.) -
Highways total: 10,029 km


paved: 1,986 km (including 327 km of expressways)


unpaved: 8,043 km (1999 est.)
total:
8,983 km

paved:
8,085 km

unpaved:
898 km (1999)
Household income or consumption by percentage share lowest 10%: 1.4%


highest 10%: 39.3% (2001)
lowest 10%:
NA%

highest 10%:
NA%
Illicit drugs transshipment point for cocaine; small amounts of marijuana produced for local consumption; domestic cocaine abuse on the rise -
Imports NA $3.4 billion (f.o.b., 2000 est.)
Imports - commodities raw materials, consumer goods, capital goods, fuels, foodstuffs, petroleum, electricity road vehicles, electrical machinery, metal manufactures, heavy industrial machinery, crude petroleum
Imports - partners US 46.3%, Guatemala 8.1%, Mexico 6% (2004) MERCOSUR partners 43%, EU 20%, US 11% (1999 est.)
Independence 15 September 1821 (from Spain) 25 August 1825 (from Brazil)
Industrial production growth rate 0.7% (2004 est.) -2.1% (2000 est.)
Industries food processing, beverages, petroleum, chemicals, fertilizer, textiles, furniture, light metals food processing, electrical machinery, transportation equipment, petroleum products, textiles, chemicals, beverages
Infant mortality rate total: 25.1 deaths/1,000 live births


male: 27.98 deaths/1,000 live births


female: 22.08 deaths/1,000 live births (2005 est.)
14.7 deaths/1,000 live births (2001 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 5.4% (2004 est.) 4.8% (2000 est.)
International organization participation BCIE, CACM, FAO, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICFTU, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO (correspondent), ITU, MIGA, MINURSO, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTO CCC, ECLAC, FAO, G-11, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICRM, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Intelsat, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ISO, ITU, LAES, LAIA, Mercosur, MINURSO, MONUC, NAM (observer), OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, PCA, RG, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNIKOM, UNMEE, UNMOGIP, UNMOT, UNOMIG, UNTAET, UPU, WCL, WFTU, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WToO, WTrO
Internet Service Providers (ISPs) - 7 (2000)
Irrigated land 360 sq km (1998 est.) 7,700 sq km (1997 est.)
Judicial branch Supreme Court or Corte Suprema (judges are selected by the Legislative Assembly) Supreme Court (judges are nominated by the president and elected for 10-year terms by the General Assembly)
Labor force 2.75 million (2004 est.) 1.5 million (1999 est.)
Labor force - by occupation agriculture 17.1%, industry 17.1%, services 65.8% (2003 est.) agriculture NA%, industry NA%, services NA%
Land boundaries total: 545 km


border countries: Guatemala 203 km, Honduras 342 km
total:
1,564 km

border countries:
Argentina 579 km, Brazil 985 km
Land use arable land: 31.85%


permanent crops: 12.07%


other: 56.08% (2001)
arable land:
7%

permanent crops:
0%

permanent pastures:
77%

forests and woodland:
6%

other:
10% (1997 est.)
Languages Spanish, Nahua (among some Amerindians) Spanish, Portunol, or Brazilero (Portuguese-Spanish mix on the Brazilian frontier)
Legal system based on civil and Roman law, with traces of common law; judicial review of legislative acts in the Supreme Court; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction, with reservations based on Spanish civil law system; accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction
Legislative branch unicameral Legislative Assembly or Asamblea Legislativa (84 seats; members are elected by direct, popular vote to serve three-year terms)


elections: last held 16 March 2003 (next to be held March 2006)


election results: percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - FMLN 31, ARENA 28, PCN 15, PDC 5, CD 5
bicameral General Assembly or Asamblea General consists of Chamber of Senators or Camara de Senadores (30 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms) and Chamber of Representatives or Camara de Representantes (99 seats; members are elected by popular vote to serve five-year terms)

elections:
Chamber of Senators - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004); Chamber of Representatives - last held 31 October 1999 (next to be held NA 2004)

election results:
Chamber of Senators - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 12, Colorado Party 10, Blanco 7, New Sector/Space Coalition 1; Chamber of Representatives - percent of vote by party - NA%; seats by party - Encuentro Progresista 40, Colorado Party 33, Blanco 22, New Sector/Space Coalition 4
Life expectancy at birth total population: 71.22 years


male: 67.61 years


female: 75.01 years (2005 est.)
total population:
75.44 years

male:
72.11 years

female:
78.96 years (2001 est.)
Literacy definition: age 10 and over can read and write


total population: 80.2%


male: 82.8%


female: 77.7% (2003 est.)
definition:
age 15 and over can read and write

total population:
97.3%

male:
96.9%

female:
97.7% (1995 est.)
Location Central America, bordering the North Pacific Ocean, between Guatemala and Honduras Southern South America, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Argentina and Brazil
Map references Central America and the Caribbean South America
Maritime claims territorial sea: 200 nm contiguous zone:
24 NM

continental shelf:
200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation

exclusive economic zone:
200 NM

territorial sea:
12 NM
Merchant marine - total:
2 ships (1,000 GRT or over) totaling 7,752 GRT/5,228 DWT

ships by type:
petroleum tanker 1, roll on/roll off 1 (2000 est.)
Military branches Army, Navy (FNES), Air Force (FAS) Army, Navy (includes Naval Air Arm, Coast Guard, Marines), Air Force, Police (Coracero Guard, Grenadier Guard)
Military expenditures - dollar figure $157 million (2003) $172 million (FY98)
Military expenditures - percent of GDP 1.1% (2003) 0.9% (FY98)
Military manpower - availability - males age 15-49:
817,535 (2001 est.)
Military manpower - fit for military service - males age 15-49:
661,777 (2001 est.)
National holiday Independence Day, 15 September (1821) Independence Day, 25 August (1825)
Nationality noun: Salvadoran(s)


adjective: Salvadoran
noun:
Uruguayan(s)

adjective:
Uruguayan
Natural hazards known as the Land of Volcanoes; frequent and sometimes very destructive earthquakes and volcanic activity; extremely susceptible to hurricanes seasonally high winds (the pampero is a chilly and occasional violent wind which blows north from the Argentine pampas), droughts, floods; because of the absence of mountains, which act as weather barriers, all locations are particularly vulnerable to rapid changes in weather fronts
Natural resources hydropower, geothermal power, petroleum, arable land arable land, hydropower, minor minerals, fisheries
Net migration rate -3.67 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2005 est.) -0.51 migrant(s)/1,000 population (2001 est.)
Political parties and leaders Christian Democratic Party or PDC [Rodolfo PARKER]; Democratic Convergence or CD (formerly United Democratic Center or CDU) [Ruben ZAMORA, secretary general]; Democratic Party or PD [Jorge MELENDEZ]; Farabundo Marti National Liberation Front or FMLN [Medardo GONZALEZ]; Liberal Democratic Party or PLD [Kirio Waldo SALGADO, president]; National Action Party or PAN [Gustavo Rogelio SALINAS, secretary general]; National Conciliation Party or PCN [Ciro CRUZ ZEPEDA, president]; National Republican Alliance or ARENA [Elias Antonio SACA Gonzalez]; Social Christian Union or USC (formed by the merger of Christian Social Renewal Party or PRSC and Unity Movement or MU) [Abraham RODRIGUEZ, president]; Social Democratic Party or PSD [Juan MEDRANO] Colorado Party [Jorge BATLLE]; National Party or Blanco [Alberto VOLONTE]; New Sector/Space Coalition or Nuevo Espacio [Rafael MICHELINI]; Progressive Encounter in the Broad Front or Encuentro Progresista [Tabare VAZQUEZ]
Political pressure groups and leaders labor organizations - Electrical Industry Union of El Salvador or SIES; Federation of the Construction Industry, Similar Transport and other activities, or FESINCONTRANS; National Confederation of Salvadoran Workers or CNTS; National Union of Salvadoran Workers or UNTS; Port Industry Union of El Salvador or SIPES; Salvadoran Union of Ex-Petrolleros and Peasant Workers or USEPOC; Salvadoran Workers Central or CTS; Workers Union of Electrical Corporation or STCEL; business organizations - National Association of Small Enterprise or ANEP; Salvadoran Assembly Industry Association or ASIC; Salvadoran Industrial Association or ASI NA
Population 6,704,932 (July 2005 est.) 3,360,105 (July 2001 est.)
Population below poverty line 36.1% (2003 est.) NA%
Population growth rate 1.75% (2005 est.) 0.78% (2001 est.)
Ports and harbors Acajutla, Puerto Cutuco Fray Bentos, Montevideo, Nueva Palmira, Paysandu, Punta del Este, Colonia, Piriapolis
Radio broadcast stations AM 61 (plus 24 repeaters), FM 30, shortwave 0 (1998) AM 94, FM 115, shortwave 14 (seven are inactive) (1998)
Radios - 1.97 million (1997)
Railways total: 283 km


narrow gauge: 283 km 0.914-m gauge


note: length of operational route reduced from 562 km to 283 km by disuse and lack of maintenance (2004)
total:
2,073 km

standard gauge:
2,073 km 1.435-m gauge (2000)
Religions Roman Catholic 83%, other 17%


note: there is extensive activity by Protestant groups throughout the country; by the end of 1992, there were an estimated 1 million Protestant evangelicals in El Salvador
Roman Catholic 66% (less than one-half of the adult population attends church regularly), Protestant 2%, Jewish 1%, nonprofessing or other 31%
Sex ratio at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female


under 15 years: 1.04 male(s)/female


15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female


65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female


total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2005 est.)
at birth:
1.06 male(s)/female

under 15 years:
1.05 male(s)/female

15-64 years:
0.98 male(s)/female

65 years and over:
0.7 male(s)/female

total population:
0.95 male(s)/female (2001 est.)
Suffrage 18 years of age; universal 18 years of age; universal and compulsory
Telephone system general assessment: NA


domestic: nationwide microwave radio relay system


international: country code - 503; satellite earth station - 1 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean); connected to Central American Microwave System
general assessment:
some modern facilities

domestic:
most modern facilities concentrated in Montevideo; new nationwide microwave radio relay network

international:
satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean)
Telephones - main lines in use 752,600 (2003) 850,000 (2000)
Telephones - mobile cellular 1,149,800 (2003) 300,000 (2000)
Television broadcast stations 5 (1997) 26 (plus ten low-power repeaters for the Montevideo station) (1997)
Terrain mostly mountains with narrow coastal belt and central plateau mostly rolling plains and low hills; fertile coastal lowland
Total fertility rate 3.16 children born/woman (2005 est.) 2.36 children born/woman (2001 est.)
Unemployment rate 6.3% - but the economy has much underemployment (2004 est.) 14% (2000 est.)
Waterways Rio Lempa partially navigable (2004) 1,600 km ( used by coastal and shallow-draft river craft)
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